கவனம் பெறாத தமிழ் யாப்பியலின் தொடக்ககால ஆய்வுமுயற்சிகள்

îI› ò£ŠHòô£ù¶ èM¬îJò¬ô M÷‚èºø„ ªêŒ»‹ Þô‚è툶¬øò£°‹;  èM¬îèO¡ ܬñŠªð£¿ƒ° ¸†ðƒè¬÷ ÝŒ‰¶í˜ˆ¶‹ ÜP¶¬øò£°‹. ªêŒ»œ ܬñŠH«ô«ò Þô‚Aòƒè¬÷»‹ Hø¶¬ø Ë™è¬÷»‹ ªðK¶‹ ªè£‡´œ÷ îIN¡ ðFŠHò™ ºòŸCèÀ‚°‹ ðò¡ð´‹ è¼Mò£°‹. îI› ò£ŠHò™ °Pˆî ÝŒ¾ õóô£ŸP™ Gè›‰î ªî£ì‚èè£ô ºòŸCèœ ÝŒ¾ôA¡ èõùˆ¬î àKòõ£Á â†ìM™¬ô. îI› ò£ŠHòL™ õ™ô êñè£ô ÝŒõPë˜èO¡ ò£Šð£Œ¾ õóô£Á °Pˆî °PŠ¹èœ Þî¬ù à혈¶A¡øù. G蛉¶œ÷ ÝŒ¾ ºòŸCè¬÷ º¬øò£è¾‹ º¿¬ñò£è¾‹ ÜPî«ô, ò£ŠHòô£ŒM¡ ªî£ì˜ºòŸCè¬÷„ ªê¿¬ñ»ø ÝŸÁˆ ¶¬íò£°‹. Þî¬ù‚ 輈F™ ªè£‡´ ÝŒ¾ôA™ àKò èõùˆ¬îŠªðø£î îI› ò£ŠHòô£Œ¾ õóô£ŸP¡ ªî£ì‚è ºòŸCè¬÷ˆ ¶ô‚èºø‚ 致裆´î«ô Þšõ£ŒM¡ «ï£‚èñ£°‹.

îI› ò£ŠHòô£ŒM¡ º¡«ù£® ºòŸCèœ: êñè£ô ÝŒõPë˜èO¡ 輈¶èœ

îI› ò£ŠHòL™ G蛉¶œ÷ ÝŒ¾èœ °Pˆ¶ ò£ŠHòL™ ÝŒ¾è¬÷ G蛈Fõ¼‹ Cô ÜP똪ð¼ñ‚èœ æó÷¾ ²†®»œ÷ù˜. ÔîI› ò£ŠHòL¡ «î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹Õ â¡Â‹ îI› ò£ŠH¬ù‚ °Pˆî ºî¡¬ñò£ù ÝŒ¾ ËL¬ù à¼õ£‚Aò «ê£.ï. è‰îê£I Þˆªî£ì˜H™ ÔÝŒ¾ º¡«ù£®èœÕ â¡Â‹ î¬ôŠH™ Cô °PŠ¹è¬÷ õöƒA»œ÷£˜.

îI› ò£ŠHò™ ðŸPò Ý󣌄C‚° õN 裆®«ò£¼œ, ñ£îõ„ Cõë£ù «ò£Aèœ å¼õ˜ Ýõ˜. Ò.................... ªõ‡ð£ ºîLò ªêŒ»œ Þô‚èíº‹, Þ¡«ù£ó¡ù Hø¾‹ õìªñ£NJŸ ªðøŠ ð죬ñò£Â‹ÕÕ â¡Á  â¿Fò ªî£™è£ŠHò„ ňFó M¼ˆF»œ °PŠH´î™ åŠð£Œ¾ ¹K å¼ è÷‹ õ°ˆîî£èˆ «î£¡ÁAø¶. Ü´ˆ¶„ ²†´îŸ° àKòõ˜ M¼ˆîŠð£MòL¡ ÝCKò˜ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜. Þõ˜ A.H. 1911 Þ™ õ£ùËŸ ¹ôõ˜ â™.®. ²õ£I‚臵 Hœ¬÷J¡ î¬ô¬ñJ™, Üèö£Œ¾ îI›„êƒèˆF¡ ꣘H™ G蛈Fò à¬óJ¡ M÷‚èñ£è â¿Fò ‘‘The Evolution of Tamil Viruthams” â¡ø Ý󣌄C‚ 膴¬ó ð£ó£†ìˆî‚è¶.¹   

âù‚ °PŠH´õ«î£´, ªê‰îI› ÞîN™ ªõOõ‰î F¼ï™Ö˜ ªõ÷¢Oò‰ F¼ñ¬ô‚Aö£˜ â¿Fò ÔG¬ôñ‡®ô ÝCKòŠð£Õ, F. ªê™õ‚«èêõó£ò˜ â¿Fò ԪꌻœÕ, ï. ðˆñ£êQ Ü‹ñ£œ â¿Fò Ԫꌻ† ªð£¼ˆî Þô‚èí‹Õ, º. Þó£è¬õòƒè£˜ â¿Fò ÔÜI˜îê£èó˜Õ ÝAò 膴¬óè¬÷»‹ ªðò˜M¬öò£¡ â¡Â‹ °PŠ«ð£´ â¿îŠð†ì 裂¬èð£®Qò£˜, Þ÷ƒè£‚¬èð£®Qò£˜, CÁ裂¬èð£®Qò£˜, ð™è£ð¢Hòù£˜, ð™è£òù£˜ ºîL«ò£˜ °Pˆî °PŠ¹è¬÷»‹ ²†®‚裆®„ ªê‰îI› ÞîN™ ªõOõ‰î Þ¬õ ªð£¶õ¬èò£ù 膴¬óè«÷ Ý°‹ âù‚ °P‚A¡ø£˜. «ñ½‹,

܇í£ñ¬ôŠ ð™è¬ô‚èöèˆF™ «ðó£CKòó£è M÷ƒAò º¬ùõ˜  Ü. Cî‹ðóï£îù£˜ îñ¶ Hâ„.®. ð†ìˆFŸè£è 1942 Þ™ â¿Fò ‘‘Advanced Studies in Tamil Prosody” â¡ø Ë™ îI› ò£ŠHò™ ¶¬øJ™ ºî¡ ºîô£è ªõOõ‰î º¬øò£ù Ý󣌄C Ëô£°‹.² 

âù â´ˆ¶¬ó‚A¡ø£˜.

            Þô‚èí ÝŒõìƒè™ â¡Â‹ ªðòK™ ܇í£ñ¬ôŠ ð™è¬ô‚èöè  ªõOfì£è ܬñ‰î ËL™ ò£Š¹ °Pˆî ÝŒõìƒè™ ð°FJ™, IèŠ ðô¼‹ ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ õóô£Ÿ¬øˆ ªî£ìƒ°‹ Ü. Cî‹ðóï£îù£K¡ ÝŒ¾ ºòŸC‚° (1942) º‰¬îò è£ô ºòŸCè÷£è Þ¼ð¶ 膴¬óè«÷ â´ˆ¶¬ó‚èŠð†´œ÷ù. ÜõŸÁœÀ‹ ðö¬ñò£ù¬õò£è ܬñð¬õ Ü. °ñ£ó²õ£IŠHœ¬÷J¡ Ôªõ‡ð£Mô‚èí‹Õ (1904), Ôò£Šð¼ƒèô‚ è£K¬èÕ (1907), F¼ ï£ó£ò¬íòƒè£K¡ ÔÞ¬ò¹ˆªî£¬ì º®¾¬óÕ (1912), Ü. ºˆ¬îò ºîLJ¡ Ô𣆮ò™Õ (1912),  ÝAòù«õò£°‹.³ ÞõŸP™ IèŠ ðô¾‹ ªð£¶G¬ôJ™ ܬñõù¾‹ ò£ŠHô‚èí Ë™, Ëô£CKò˜ °Pˆ¶ ܬñõù¾«ñ Ý°‹.

      îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾‚ è÷ƒè¬÷ â´ˆ¶¬ó‚°‹ Ü¡Qî£ñC¡ ÝŒ¾‚ 膴¬óªò£¡Á îI› ò£ŠHòL™ Gè›‰î º‚Aòñ£ù ÝŒ¾è¬÷ â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶„ ªê™A¡ø¶. ÜîÂœ Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£K¡ ÝŒ¾‚ è£ôˆFL¼‰«î ÝŒ¾èœ °PŠHìŠð†´œ÷ù.⁴

ÔªêšMò™ îI› ò£Š¹: æ˜ ÜPºè‹Õ â¡Â‹ ªð£¼œðì ݃AôˆF™ (Classical Tamil Prosody: An Introduction) Ë™ â¿Fò èI™ ²õôH™ îI› ò£Š¹ °Pˆî ÝŒ¾‚ 輈¶èœ ÜìƒAò ºòŸCè÷£è ióñ£ºQõK¡ ˬô»‹, T.». «ð£ŠH¡ Þô‚èí ˬô»‹ ï£ô®ò£˜ ñŸÁ‹ F¼õ£êè Ë™ º¡Â¬óŠ ð°Fè¬÷»‹,    Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£K¡ ÝŒM¬ù»‹ °PŠH†´œ÷£˜.⁵

«ê£.ï. è‰îê£I, ¶¬ó. ð†ì£Hó£ñ¡, Ü¡Qî£ñ², èI™ ²õôH™ ÝA«ò£˜ îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾‚ è÷ˆF™ Gè›‰î ºòŸCèœ °Pˆ¶‚ °PŠH†´œ÷ù˜. Þõ˜èÀœ «ê£.ï. è‰îê£I, Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£K¡ îI› ò£Š¹ °Pˆî º¬ùõ˜ð†ì ÝŒ«õ†´ ºòŸC‚° º¡ù˜ Gè›‰î ºòŸCò£èˆ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ºòŸC 塬ø ñ†´«ñ °PŠH†´œ÷£˜. F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ îI› M¼ˆîƒèO¡ õ÷˜„C °Pˆî ݃Aô ÝŒ¾‚ 膴¬ó¬òŠ ð¬ìˆ¶œ÷î£è„ ²†® Ü‹ºòŸC îI› ò£ŠHòL™ ªî£ì‚è è£ôˆF™ G蛉î ð£ó£†ìˆî‚è ºòŸCò£è‚ °P‚A¡ø£˜. ނ輈¶¬ó îõø£ùî£è ܬñA¡ø¶. îI› M¼ˆîƒèO¡ õ÷˜„C
°Pˆî ݃Aô‚ 膴¬óò£ù¶ ß.â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£˜ â¡ðõó£™ â¿îŠð†ì‹. F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ ÞòŸPò M¼ˆîŠð£Mò™ ˬôŠ ðFŠHˆî Üõ˜ ËL¡ º¡ð°FJ™ îñ¶ ݃Aô‚ 膴¬ó¬ò Þ싪ðø„ ªêŒ¶œ÷£˜ â¡ð«î à‡¬ñò£°‹. ªê‰îI›, ªê‰îI›„ ªê™M, îI›Šªð£N™ ºîLò Þî›èO™ ªõOõ‰î 膴¬óè÷£è Þô‚èí ÝŒõìƒèL™ ðF¾ªðŸøõŸP™ ªð¼‹ð£ô£ù¬õ ªð£¶G¬ô‚ 膴¬óè«÷ Ý°‹. «îõ«ïòŠð£õ£íK¡ ð£Mù‹ °Pˆî 膴¬ó (1934) ºîLò å¡Pó‡«ì ò£Šð£Œ¾ «ï£‚A™ ܬñ‰î °PŠHìˆî‚è 膴¬óè÷£°‹. Hø ªð£¶G¬ôJ½‹, ò£Š¹Ë™, ò£Š¹Ëô£CKò˜ °Pˆî ÝŒ¾è÷£è¾«ñ ܬñA¡øù. èI™ ²õôH™,  Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£K¡ ºòŸC‚° º‰¬îò ºòŸCè÷£è ióñ£ºQõ˜, «ð£Š ÝA«ò£K¡ Cô ºòŸCè¬÷„ ²†®»œ÷£˜.

Þšõ£Á îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ õóô£Ÿ¬ø Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£K¡ ÝŒ¾ ºòŸCJL¼‰¶ ªî£ìƒ°‹ «ð£‚¬èŠ ðóõô£è‚ è£íº®õ«î£´, Ü º‰¬îò õóô£ŸP™ ªð£¶G¬ô ºòŸCè¬÷«ò ªðK¶‹ °PŠH´‹ G¬ô¬ò»‹, ªî£ì‚è è£ô ºòŸCè¬÷‚ °P‚°I숶Š H¬öò£è¾‹ º¿¬ñJ¡P»‹ °PŠH´‹ G¬ô¬ò»‹ è£í º®A¡ø¶. îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ õóô£ŸP¡ ªî£ì‚è è£ô ºòŸCèœ îI› ò£ŠHòL™ ºî¡¬ñò£è„ ªêò™ð†´õ¼‹ ºî¡¬ñò£ù ÝŒõ£÷˜èO¡ 𣘬õ‚«è ªê¡Á «êóM™¬ô â¡ð¬î»‹ ªî£ì‚èè£ô ºòŸCèœ ÝŒ¾ôA™ èõù‹ªðøM™¬ô â¡ð¬î»‹ Þ„ªêŒFèœ è£†´A¡øù.

îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ õóô£Á: ªî£ì‚è ºòŸCèœ

îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ õóô£ŸP¡ ªî£ì‚è è£ô ºòŸCè¬÷Š ¹K‰îõ˜è÷£è ióñ£ºQõ˜, â™L², 裙´ªõ™, T.». «ð£Š, ªý£ŒCƒì¡, ªõŠ, F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜, ß.â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£˜, Þó£ü«è£ð£ô ó£š ÝA«ò£˜ M÷ƒ°A¡øù˜. Þõ˜î‹ ÝŒ¾ ºòŸCèœ 1730-1913 Ý‹ ݇´èÀ‚° Þ¬ìŠð†ì è£ôˆF™ «î£¡Pòù Ý°‹.

ióñ£ºQõ˜, â™L², 裙´ªõ™, «ð£Š ºîL«ò£˜î‹ ºòŸCèœ

îI› Þô‚èí‹ °Pˆ¶ ÞôˆF¡ ªñ£NJ™ ióñ£ºQõ˜ ð¬ìˆî Ëô£ù Ôªê‰îI›Õ (1730) â¡Â‹ ËL™ (A GRAMMAR OF THE HIGH DIALECT OF THE TAMIL LANGUAGE TERMED SHEN – TAMIL) îI› ò£ŠH¬ù‚ °Pˆî Ý󣌄C‚ 輈¶èœ ÜìƒAò ð°FJ¬ùŠ ð¬ìˆ¶œ÷£˜. 裙´ªõ½‚° º¡ð£èˆ Fó£Mì ªñ£N‚°´‹ð‹ â¡Â‹ è¼ˆî£‚èˆ¬î º¡ªñ£N‰î ݃Aô Üó² ÜFè£Kò£è Þ‰Fò£M™ ðEò£ŸPò Hó£¡Cv åJ† â™Lv (Francis Whyte Ellis, 1777 - 1819) îI› ò£ŠHò™ °Pˆ¶ ÝŒ¾¬óèœ â¿F»œ÷£˜ â¡Â‹ ªêŒF¬ò»‹ ܬõ HK†®w ËôèˆF™ àœ÷ âLò† ªî£°Š¹èO™ àœ÷ù â¡ð¬î»‹ ܇¬ñJ™ ªõOõ‰î î£ñv ®ó¾†ñQ¡ ÔFó£Mì„ ê£¡ÁÕ â¡Â‹ ÝŒ¾ Ëô£™ ÜPò º®A¡ø¶.⁶ â™LC¡ ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾¬óèœ àœO†ì¬õ î£ñv ®ó¾†ñù£™ M¬óM™ ªõOJìŠðì Þ¼Šð¬î ܉ËL¡ ÜE‰¶¬óJ™ Ý.Þó£. «õƒèì£êôðF ðF¾ ªêŒ¶œ÷£˜.⁷ Þ‰î ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾¬ó ªõOJìŠð®¡ îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ õóô£ŸP¡ ªî£ì‚è è£ô º‚Aò ºòŸC 塬øˆ îI› ÝŒ¾ôè‹ ÜPî™ Ã´‹.

Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ åŠHô‚è투î 1856 Þ™ ªõOJ†ì 裙´ªõ™ îI› ò£Š¹ °Pˆî Iè º‚Aòñ£ù ÝŒ¾‚ 輈F¬ù â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷¬î ܉ËL¡ Þó‡ì£‹ ðFŠð£™ (1875) ÜPòº®A¡ø¶. Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ ò£ŠHò™ Høªñ£Nˆ èñŸÁ à¼õ£ù¶ â¡ð¬î»‹, ä«ó£ŠHò ªñ£N ò£ŠHòL™ Ü®èO¡ ÞÁFJ™ æ¬ê ܬñŠ¹ ܬñò, Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ ò£ŠHòL™ Ü®èO¡ ªî£ì‚èˆF™ æ¬ê å¡Põ¼‹ ܬñŠ¹‚ è£íŠð´õ¬î„ ²†®‚裆®‚ 輈¶¬óŠð¬î»‹ º¡Â¬óŠ ð°F 裆®GŸA¡ø¶. Fó£Mì ò£ŠHòL¡ îQˆî¡¬ñ ⶬ航ì â¡ð¬î â´ˆ¶¬ó‚°‹ 裙´ªõ™ Ü„ ꣡ø£èˆ îIN™ àœ÷ å÷¬õò£K¡ 

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îI› ò£ŠHô‚èí Ëô£ù ò£Šð¼ƒèôˆF¡ Íôˆ¬îŠ ðFŠHˆ¶‹ ò£ŠHô‚èí Mù£ M¬ì¬ò Ý‚A»‹ ò£ŠHô‚èíŠ ðƒèOŠ¹è¬÷ G蛈Fò    T.». «ð£Š îñ¶ ªñ£Nªðò˜Š¹è÷£ù F¼‚°øœ (1886), ï£ô®ò£˜ (1893), F¼õ£êè‹ (1900) ÝAòõŸP¡ º¡Â¬óèO™ Þ‹Í¡Á Þô‚AòƒèO¡ ò£Šð¬ñFJ¬ù ¸†ðñ£è «ï£‚A Ý󣌉¶ M÷‚A»œ÷£˜. èI™ ²õôHL¡ «ð£Š ¹K‰¶œ÷ ò£ŠHô‚èí ºòŸCèœ °Pˆî °PŠH™ F¼‚°øœ M´ð†´œ÷¶.

îI› ò£ŠH¬ù‚ °Pˆ¶ ªý£ŒCƒì¡ (Rev.H.R. Hoisington), ªõŠ (Rev. Edward Webb) ÝA«ò£˜ 1850, 1860èO™ ÝŒ¾‚ 輈¶è¬÷ õöƒA»œ÷ ªêŒFè¬÷ˆ îñ¶ ÝŒ¾ ËL™ Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£˜ ðF¾ ªêŒ¶œ÷£˜.⁹ ÜšM¼õK¡ ÝŒ¾¬óèÀ‹ A¬ìˆîŸèKî£è àœ÷ù.

ªî£ì‚è ºòŸCèÀœ M¬ó‚èˆî‚è ºòŸC: F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜

ióñ£ºQõ˜, â™L² âùˆ ªî£ìƒAˆ ªî£ì¼‹ ªî£ì‚è è£ôˆ îI› ò£ŠHò™ º¡«ù£®èÀœ M°PŠHìˆî‚èõ˜ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ Ýõ£˜ (1855 -- 1910). îI› ò£ŠHô‚èí Ë™õóô£ŸP™ M¼ˆî ò£Š¹ °Pˆî îQˆî Þô‚èí ËL¬ù ºî¡ºîL™ ÞòŸPòõ˜ â¡Â‹ ªð¼¬ñ‚°Kòõ˜ Þõ˜. Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ ò£Š¹ â¡Â‹ 輈Fò¬ô ºî¡ºîô£è º¡¬õˆî îIöèˆ îIöPëó£è Þõ¬ó«ò ÜPòº®A¡ø¶. îI› ò£Š¹ °Pˆî ºî™ º¬ùõ˜ð†ì ÝŒM¬ù G蛈Fò Ü. Cî‹ðóï£î¡ ªê†®ò£˜ ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ނ輈FòL¡ º‚Aòˆ¶õˆ¬î à혉¶ H¡õ¼ñ£Á °PŠH†´œ÷¬ñ «ï£‚èˆî‚è¶.

Òò£ŠHò¬ôŠ ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó, Fó£Mì ªñ£NèÀ‚°œ å¼ ªð£¶ ñó¹ Þ¼‰î¶ â¡ø 輈F¬ùˆ ªîKM‚Aø£˜ F¼ ®. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜. Üõ˜ ²†®è£†®J¼‚°‹ 輈¶ Þ¡Áõ¬ó Ý󣌉¶ è£í£î G¬ôJ™ àœ÷¶. ªî£¡¬ñò£ùªî£¼ Íô ªñ£NJ™ Þ¼‰¶ (Þ¡Áè£Á‹ ܶ Þ¡ùªîù ÜPòŠðìM™¬ô) â™ô£ˆ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèÀ‹ «î£¡PJ¼‚è«õ‡´‹ â¡ø 輈F¬ù G¬ô´õ˜ ì£‚ì˜ è£™´ªõ™. Fó£Mìªñ£N‚ °´‹ðˆF™ Côõ¬èò£ù ò£ŠHŸ°Š ªð£¶ñó¹ Þ¼‰î¶ â¡ø 輈¬î ñùˆ¶†ªè£‡ì£™, å¼ õ¬èJ™ ܶ C‰î¬ù¬òˆ ɇ´õî£è«õ è¼î«õ‡´‹. Þî¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ Fó£Mì ò£ŠHò™ õóô£Ÿ¬ø 効«ï£‚A Ý󣌫õ£˜‚° õ¼ƒè£ôˆF™ Þì‹ àœ÷¶.ÕÕ¹⁰   

îI› ò£ŠHòL¡ ªî£ì‚è è£ô ÝŒ¾ º¡«ù£®èÀœ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ ¹K‰¶œ÷ ºòŸCèœ îQˆ¶‚ °PŠHìˆî‚èù. âQ‹ ܬõ ÝŒ¾ôA¡ èõùˆFŸ° Þô‚è£èM™¬ô. îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ º¡«ù£®ò£è M÷ƒ°‹ îIöèˆ îIöPë˜ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ å¼õ«ó âùô£‹. Þõ˜ îI› ò£Š¹ °Pˆî ÜKò ðô ÝŒ¾¬óè¬÷ Ü‚è£ôˆF™ ªõOõ‰î ðô Þî›èO½‹ â¿F»œ÷£˜. âQ‹ Cˆî£‰î bH¬è (The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika) â¡Â‹ ݃Aô ÞîN™ 1897 ºî™ 1907 õ¬ó â¿Fò ÝŒ¾¬óè¬÷ ñ†´«ñ «îìL™ è‡ìPò º®‰¶œ÷¶. Þšõ£Œ¾¬óèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ ܬñ‰¶œ÷ù. îI› ò£Š¹, è¡ùì ò£Š¹, ªî½ƒ° ò£Š¹, õìªñ£N ò£Š¹ ÝAòõŸP¡ ÜP«õ£´ â¿îŠð†ì Ý󣌄C‚ 膴¬óè÷£è Þ¬õ ܬñ‰¶œ÷ù. ݃Aô‚ 膴¬ó»œ îI›Š ð£ì™èœ  îI› ⿈F½‹ ªî½ƒ°Š ð£ì™èœ ªî½ƒ° ⿈F½‹ Þ싪ðŸÁœ÷ù.

êƒè Þô‚Aò ò£Š¹, ðˆF Þô‚Aò ò£Š¹, îI› - ---------Fó£Mì ªñ£N ò£Š¹ˆ ªî£ì˜¹èœ, îI› - õìªñ£N ò£Š¹ˆ ªî£ì˜¹èœ, îIN™ è£íŠªðÁ‹ M¼ˆîƒèO¡ ò£Šð¬ñŠ¹èœ, M¼ˆî ò£Š¹ ªî£ì˜ð£ù õìªñ£N ò£ŠHò™ ªî£ì˜¹èœ ºîLò è÷ƒèO™ MKõ£ù ¸†ðñ£ù ÝŒ¾¬óè¬÷ˆ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ Cˆî£‰î bH¬èJ™ â¿F»œ÷£˜ (裇è HŸ«ê˜‚¬è ---1). Þšõ£Œ¾¬óèœ îI› ÝŒ¾ôA¡ èõùˆ¬î àKò º¬øJ™ â†ìM™¬ô. ªî. ªð£. eù£†C ²‰îóù£˜ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ Þô‚èí Ëô£ù M¼ˆîŠð£MòL¡ õ¡¬ñ ªñ¡¬ñèœ °Pˆ¶ ñFŠH†´‚ 輈¶¬óˆ¶œ÷ «ð£F½‹ Üõó¶ ÝŒ¾¬óè¬÷Š ðŸP 㶋 ²†ìM™¬ô.¹¹ ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ò£Šð£Œ¾è¬÷ ñFŠHìˆ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ ò£ŠHòŸ ¹ô¬ñ»‹, õìªñ£NŠ ¹ô¬ñ»‹ «î¬õŠð´A¡øù.

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F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ñ¬ø¾‚°Š H¡ù˜ 1911 ãŠó™ 29Þ™ ªê¡¬ùJ™ àœ÷ ð„¬êòŠð˜ ÜóƒA™ îIö˜ ªî£™Lò™ èöè õ¼ì£‰îó‚ ÆìˆF™ ióðˆFó ºîLò£«ó£´ ðöAòõ¼‹ HŸè£ôˆF™ ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ M¼ˆîŠð£Mò¬ô Þó‡ì£‹ ðFŠð£èŠ ðFŠHˆîõ¼ñ£Aò ß. â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£˜ îI› M¼ˆîƒèO¡ õ÷˜„C õóô£Á °Pˆî MKõ£ù ÝŒ¾¬ó¬ò (The Evolution of Tamil Viruthams) ÝŸPù£˜. Þõ¢¾¬ó  H¡ù˜„ ÔCˆî£‰î bH¬èÕ ÞîN™ ªî£ì˜‰¶ Þ싪ðŸø¶. ªî£ì‚è è£ô ò£Šð£Œ¾ ºòŸCèÀœ Þšõ£Œ¾¬ó °PŠHìˆî‚èî£è ܬñA¡ø¶. ß.â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£K¡ Þšõ£Œ¾¬ó¬ò«ò «ê£.ï. è‰îê£I, F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ â¿Fòî£èŠ Høö‚ °PŠH†´œ÷£˜. Þšõ£Œ¾¬ó G蛈îŠð†ì G蛄CJ™ î¬ô¬ñ õAˆî â™.® ê£I‚臵ŠHœ¬÷ Üõ˜èœ îIö£ó£Œ„Cˆ ¶¬øèÀœ îI› ò£Šð£Œ¾ «ð£Fò Ü‚è¬ø裆ìŠðì£î ¶¬øò£è àœ÷¬ñ¬ò õ¼ˆîˆ«î£´ â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷£˜ â¡ð¶‹ °PŠHìˆî‚è¶.¹²

Cˆî£‰î bH¬è ÞîN«ô«ò C. HK†«ì£ â¡ðõ˜ èLˆªî£¬è ò£Š¹, è‹ðó£ñ£òí ò£Š¹, M¼ˆîƒèO¡ ò£Šð¬ñF ºîLòù °Pˆ¶ ÝŒ¾‚ 輈¶è¬÷ˆ îñ¶ 膴¬óèO™ â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷£˜.¹³

1913Þ™ Þó£ü«è£ð£™ ó£š â¡ð£˜ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ ò£ŠHò¬ô åŠH†´ Ý󣌉¶ ˪ô£¡P¬ùŠ ð¬ìˆ¶œ÷£˜. މˡºòŸC»‹ ªî£ì‚è è£ôˆ îI› ò£Šð£Œ¾ ºòŸCèÀœ îQˆ¶‚ °PŠHìˆî‚è‹. Cô °¬øè¬÷‚ ªè£‡´œ÷«ð£F½‹ މ˙ ñFŠð£˜‰î¶ â¡ðî¬ù Ü‚è£ôˆF«ô«ò Cˆî£‰î bH¬è ÞîN¡ ñFŠ¹¬ó â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷¶.¹⁴ މ˙ HŸè£ôˆF™ Fó£Mì ªñ£NJò™ èöèˆF¡ ꣘ð£è ªõOJìŠð†ì âv. ²ŠHóñEò¡ â¿Fò Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ ò£Š¹Š ªð£¶¬ñ (THE COMMONNESS IN THE METRE OF THE DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES) â¡Â‹ ݃Aô ˽‚° º¡«ù£® ºòŸCò£°‹.

Þšõ£Á 𣘬õ‚°‚ A†´A¡ø, ÜPòõ¼A¡ø ªî£ì‚èè£ôˆ îI› ò£Šð£Œ¾ ºòŸCè÷¡P «ñ½‹ Cô ºòŸCèÀ‹ Þ¼ˆî™ ô‹. ªî£ì˜‰î «îìô£™ ªî£ì‚è è£ô ò£Šð£Œ¾ õóô£Ÿ¬ø º¿¬ñŠð´ˆî™ ô‹. 

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A.H. 1730 Þ™ ióñ£ºQõó£™ ÞôˆbQ™ ÞòŸøŠð†´‚ A.H. 1822 Þ™ ݃Aô ªñ£Nªðò˜Š¬ðŠ ªðŸø ªê‰îI› ËL™ ªõ‡ð£ ò£ŠH¬ù‚ °Pˆî ÝŒ¾ «ï£‚Aô£ù C‰î¬ùèœ Þ싪ðŸÁœ÷ù. ÞõŸÁœ °øœªõ‡ð£ ܬñŠH¬ùˆ F¼‚°øO¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ Ý󣌉î ióñ£ºQõ˜, °øœªõ‡ð£ ßó®è¬÷»‹ ºîô®J™ ° Y˜è¬÷»‹ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü®J™ Í¡Á Y˜è¬÷»‹ ªðÁ‹ âù ºîL™ °PŠH´A¡ø£˜. H¡ù˜‚ °øœªõ‡ð£õ£ù¶ ⶬè, «ñ£¬ù ªðø£ñ½‹ ܬñ»‹ âù Ü´ˆ¶ â´ˆ¶¬ó‚A¡ø£˜. °øœªõ‡ð£ õ®õñ£ù¶ Cô «õ¬÷èO™ ÜKî£è ºîô®J™ Í¡Á Y˜è¬÷»‹ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü®J™ ° Y˜è¬÷»‹ ªðÁ‹ âù¾‹ Þšõ¬ñŠH™ ⶬè å¡P ܬñ»‹ âù¾‹ â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶ Üšõ£ø£ù õ¬è¬ñ‚°Š H¡õ¼‹ Þ¼ °ø†ð£‚è¬÷„ ꣡ø£è‚ 裆´A¡ø£˜.¹⁵

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      1886Þ™ F¼‚°øœ ªñ£Nªðò˜ŠH¡ ºŸð°FJ™ F¼‚°øO¡ ò£Šð¬ñŠH¬ù Ý󣌉î T.». «ð£Š, ióñ£ºQõK¡ °øœªõ‡ð£ °Pˆî ÝŒ¾‚ 輈F¬ù Ü®ªò£ŸP‚ °ø†ð£‚èœ ºîô® Y˜ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü® º„Y˜, ºîô® º„Y˜ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü® Y˜ âù â¶¬èˆ ªî£¬ìJ¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ ܬñ»‹ âù‚ °PŠH†´ˆ F¼‚°øO¡ 1300 °ø†ð£‚èO™ ºîô® Y˜ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü® Í¡Á Y˜ â¡Â‹ ܬñŠH™ 909 °ø†ð£‚èÀ‹, ºîô® º„Y˜ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü® Y˜ â¡Â‹ ܬñŠH™ 421 °ø†ð£‚èÀ‹ è£íŠð´õî£è Ý󣌉¶ â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷£˜.¹⁶ «ñ½‹ Üõ˜ Þˆî¬èò è‡«í£†ìˆF«ô«ò îñ¶ ªñ£Nªðò˜ŠH¡ îI›Š ð°F‚ °ø†ð£‚è¬÷ Þ¼õ¬èò£è¾‹ ðFŠHˆ¶œ÷£˜. ióñ£ºQõ˜ «ð£Š ÝA«ò£K¡ ÝŒ¾‚ 輈¶‚è¬÷ Ü®ªò£ŸPò Êð˜ (F. B. J. Kuiper) â¡ð£˜ HŸè£ôˆF™ â¿Fò 膴¬óªò£¡P™ îŸè£ôˆ F¼‚°øœ ðFŠð£CKò˜èœ F¼õœÀõK¡ ò£Š¹«ï£‚A¬ùŠ ¹ø‚èEˆ¶ˆ F¼‚°ø¬÷ ºîô® Y˜ Þó‡ì£‹ Ü®J™ º„Y˜ â¡Â‹ ܬñŠH«ô«ò ðFŠHˆ¶œ÷¬ñ Gò£òñŸø¶ âù¾‹ F¼õœÀõK¡ ò£Š¹ «ï£‚AŸ«èŸð ióñ£ºQõ˜ 輈¶¬óˆîð® âF˜è£ôŠ ðFŠ¹èœ Þ¼õ¬è ܬñŠH½‹ °ø†ð£‚è¬÷ˆ  ܬñò «õ‡´‹ â¡Á °PŠH†´œ÷£˜.¹⁷ F¼‚°øO¡ ò£Šð¬ñŠ¹ °Pˆî Þšõ£Œ¾„ C‰î¬ùèœ, ªõ‡ð£M¡ Ü®Šð¬ì‚ ÃÁèœ ªõ‡ì¬÷»‹ ߟø® º„Y˜ ܬñŠ¹‹ â¡ðùõŸ¬ø àíó£ñ™ «î£¡P»œ÷ù. «ñ½‹ â¶¬èˆ ªî£¬ì ªõ‡ð£ ºîLò ð£ õ®õƒèO¡ Ü®¬ò õ¬óòÁŠðîŸè£ù è¼Mò¡Á â¡ð¬ù»‹ àíó£ñ™ «î£¡P»œ÷ù. ¹¶¬ñ«ï£‚Aô¬ñ‰î Þšõ£Œ¾‚ 輈¶èœ îI› ªõ‡ð£ ò£Š¹ ñó¬ð ï¡°íó£¶ ªî£ì˜‰¶ º¡ªù´‚èŠð†´œ÷ù â¡ð¶ â‡íˆî‚è¶.

      T.». «ð£Š F¼‚°øO¡ ò£Šð¬ñŠH¬ù MKõ£è Ýó£»IìˆF™ F¼‚°øO™ ≪î‰î‚ °ø†ð£‚èœ ÉƒA¬ê„ ªêŠð«ô£¬ê ªðŸÁ ܬñ‰¶œ÷ù â¡ðî¬ù»‹, ã‰F¬ê„ ªêŠð«ô£¬ê ªðŸø °ø†ð£õ£è å¼ °ø†ð£«õ ܬñ‰¶œ÷¬ñ¬ò»‹ å¿A¬ê„ ªêŠð«ô£¬êJ¬ù ≪î‰î‚ °ø†ð£‚èœ ªðŸÁœ÷ù â¡ðî¬ù»‹ ¸µA«ï£‚A Ý󣌉¶ ºî¡º¬øò£è â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷£˜.¹⁸ F¼‚°øO¡ ò£ŠHò™ °Pˆî ÝŒ¾õóô£ŸP™ Þ‹ºòŸC îQˆ¶‚ °PŠHìˆî‚è‹.

      1893Þ™ îñ¶ ï£ô®ò£˜ ªñ£Nªðò˜ŠH¡ ºŸð°FJ™ ï£ô®ò£K¡ ò£Šð¬ñŠH¬ù MKõ£è Ýó£»I숶 T.». «ð£Š, ï£ô®ò£K™ Þ싪ðŸÁœ÷ ï£ÛÁ ªõ‡ð£‚èO™ 300 ªõ‡ð£‚èœ «ïK¬ê ܬñŠ¬ðŠ ªðŸø «ïK¬ê ªõ‡ð£‚èœ âù¾‹ 100 ªõ‡ð£‚èœ Þ¡Q¬ê ܬñŠ¬ðŠ ªðŸø Þ¡Q¬ê ªõ‡ð£‚èœ âù¾‹ Ý󣌉¶ â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷£˜. «ñ½‹ ªõ‡ì¬÷ ªè£‡ì ªõ‡ð£ Ü®èO™ Y˜è¬÷ ñ£ŸP ñ£ŸP âˆî¬ù ܬñŠ¹èO™ ܬñ‚è º®»‹ â¡ð¬î»‹ âˆî¬ù ܬñŠ¹èO™ ܬñ‰¶œ÷ù â¡ð¬î»‹ ¸†ðñ£è Ý󣌉¶ ܆ìõ¬íJ†´ M÷‚A»œ÷£˜. «ñ½‹ õìªñ£N ò£ŠHòL½‹ ªõ‡ð£¬õ åˆî ¸†ðñ£ù õ®õƒèœ Þ™¬ô â¡ð¬î»‹ îI› ªñ£NJ™ ÞòŸ¬èò£è ݂苪ðŸø ¸†ðñ£ù õ®õ‹ ªõ‡ð£ â¡ð¬î»‹ ï¡° â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷£˜. Cô ÃÁèO™ A«ó‚è ò£ŠHòô£K¡ 輈¶è¬÷»‹ ެ툶‚ °PŠH†´œ÷£˜.¹⁹

      1898 Þ™ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ ªõ‡ð£ ò£ŠH¬ù‚ °Pˆî îñ¶ ÝŒ¾‚ 膴¬óJ™ (OBSOLETE SYLLABLES «ï˜¹ AND G¬ó¹ IN MODERN VENBAS) ªõ‡ð£ õ®õñ£ù¶ îI¿‚«è»Kò îQˆî¡¬ñ õ£Œ‰î õ®õ‹ â¡ð¬î»‹ Hø ªñ£NèO¡ ò£ŠHò½‚° ºŸP½‹ Þšõ®õ‹ ¹¶¬ñò£ù¶ â¡ð¬î»‹ °PŠH†´ ªõ‡ð£M¡ ߟÁ„ Y˜ ܬñŠH¬ù‚ °Pˆ¶ MKõ£è Ý󣌉¶œ÷£˜.²⁰

      ªõ‡ð£ ò£ŠHò™ °Pˆî ªî£ì‚èè£ô ò£Šð£Œ¾ ºòŸCèO™ ºî¡¬ñò£è Þ¼ ÃÁè¬÷‚ èõùˆF™ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. å¡Á: Üòôõ˜è÷£ù ióñ£ºQõ˜, «ð£Š ºîL«ò£˜ ⶬ航산 º‚Aòˆ¶õ‹  °øœ ªõ‡ð£ ܬñŠ¬ðŠ Høö à혉¶ 輈¶¬óˆî¬ñ, Þó‡´: ªõ‡ð£ ò£Š¹ õ®õñ£ù¶ õìªñ£N ºîLò Hø ªñ£NèO™ ެ툶 «ï£‚èˆî‚è õ®õƒèœ ÜŸø îI¿‚«è àKò, Þò™ð£è¾‹ ¸†ðñ£è¾‹ ݂苪ðŸø õ®õ‹ â¡ð¬î Ü¿ˆîñ£è â´ˆ¶¬óˆ¶œ÷¬ñ.

M¼ˆî ò£ŠHò™

      M¼ˆî ò£ŠHò™ ªî£ì˜ð£è ióñ£ºQõ˜, «ð£Š, F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜, ß.â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£˜ ÝA«ò£˜ MKõ£è Ý󣌉¶œ÷ù˜. ióñ£ºQõ¼‚° º‰¬îòè£ôˆ îI› ò£ŠHô‚èí Ë™èœ M¼ˆîƒèO¡ ܬñŠ¬ð»‹ õ¬è¬ò»‹ ªîOõ£è M÷‚è£î ÅöL™ ºî¡º¬øò£èˆ îñ¶ ªê‰îI› ËL™ M¼ˆîƒèO¡ ܬñŠ¬ð»‹ õ¬èè¬÷»‹ Ý󣌉¶ M÷‚A»œ÷£˜. «ñ½‹ è‹ðó£ñ£òíˆF™ âˆî¬ù M¼ˆî õ¬èèœ Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷ù â¡ð¬î»‹ «î‹ð£õEJ™  ܬñˆ¶œ÷ M¼ˆî õ¬èè¬÷»‹ °PŠH†´œ÷£˜.²¹ ióñ£ºQõ¼‚°Š H¡ù˜ «ð£Š F¼õ£êèˆF™ Þ싪ðŸÁœ÷ M¼ˆî ܬñŠ¹è¬÷ Ý󣌉¶ M÷‚A»œ÷£˜.²² M¼ˆîƒè¬÷ Ý󣌉¶ Þô‚èí ˬô ÞòŸPò ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜ ðˆF Þô‚AòƒèO™ Þ싪ðŸÁœ÷ M¼ˆîƒèœ °Pˆ¶‹ õìªñ£NJ™ Þ싪ðŸÁœ÷ M¼ˆîƒèœ °Pˆ¶‹ Ý󣌉¶œ÷£˜ (ÝŒ¾‚ 膴¬óˆ î¬ôŠ¹èÀ‚°‚ 裇è HŸ«ê˜‚¬è 1). îI¿‚«è»Kò M¼ˆî ܬñŠ¹èœ °Pˆ¶‹, Þ¼ ªñ£NJ½‹ ªð£¶õ£è‚ è£íŠªðÁ‹ M¼ˆî ܬñŠ¹èœ °Pˆ¶‹, ê‰î M¼ˆîƒèœ °Pˆ¶‹ Ý󣌉¶œ÷£˜. M¼ˆî ò£ŠHò™ °Pˆî F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ÝŒ¾èœ îQˆî¡¬ñ õ£Œ‰î¬õ; Ýöñ£ù¬õ. âQ‹ õìªñ£N«ò£´ åŠH†´ «ï£‚A Üõ˜î¼‹ 輈¶è¬÷ õìªñ£NŠ¹ô¬ñ«ò£´ eœð£˜¬õJì «õ‡®ò «î¬õ»‹ àœ÷¶. ióðˆFó ºîLò£¼‚°Š H¡õ‰î ß. â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£˜ îI› M¼ˆîƒèœ õ÷˜„C ªðŸø G¬ôJ¬ù Iè MKõ£è Ý󣌉¶œ÷£˜²³. îñ¶ ÝŒ¬õ ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ M¼ˆîŠð£MòL¡ ¶¬íªè£‡´‹ G蛈F»œ÷£˜. ðˆF Þô‚AòƒèO™ Þ싪ðŸø M¼ˆî õ®õƒèœ, õ¬èèœ, ê‰î M¼ˆî ܬñŠ¹èœ ºîLòõŸ¬ø Iè MKõ£è Ý󣌉¶œ÷£˜. îI¿‚«è àKò M¼ˆî ܬñŠ¹èœ, îI› - õìªñ£N Þ󇮽‹ ªð£¶õ£è‚ è£íŠð´‹ M¼ˆî ܬñŠ¹èœ ÝAòõŸ¬ø â´ˆ¶ M÷‚A»œ÷£˜. ݃AôˆF™ ܬñ‰î Iè MKõ£ù Þšõ£ŒM¬ù Þ¡Á A¬ìˆ¶œ÷ Ã´î™ îó¾è«÷£´‹ ꣘ðŸø 𣘬õ«ò£´‹ e÷¾‹ ñFŠHì õ£ŒŠ¹œ÷¶.

      Þšõ£Á îI› ò£ŠH™ I° ªê™õ£‚°Š ªðŸø M¼ˆî ò£Š¹ õ®õ‹ °Pˆ¶ õóô£ŸÁ «ï£‚A½‹, õìªñ£N åŠd†´ «ï£‚A½‹ ªî£ì‚èè£ô ò£Šð£Œ¾èœ èõù‹ ªê½ˆF ÜKò ÝŒ¾‚ 輈¶è¬÷ ªõOŠð´ˆF»œ÷¬ñ ÝŒ¾ õóô£ŸP™ °PŠHìˆî‚è‹.

      ªõ‡ð£ ò£ŠHò™, M¼ˆî ò£ŠHò™ ñ†´ñ¡Pˆ îI› ò£ŠHòL¡ ð™«õÁ ÃÁè¬÷»‹ ؉¶«ï£‚Aˆ îIöèˆ îIöPë˜è÷£½‹, Üò™ªñ£N -- Üò™Gôˆ îIöPë˜è÷£½‹ G蛈îŠð†ì ªî£ì‚è è£ô ò£Šð£Œ¾ ºòŸCèœ îI› ÝŒ¾ôA™ îQˆî èõùˆ¬îŠ ªðø«õ‡®òùõ£è àœ÷ù.

ªî£°Š¹¬ó

      îI› ò£Šð£Œ¾ õóô£ŸP™ ðóõô£è ÝŒ¾ôA¡ èõù‹ªðø£î ÝŒ¾ ºòŸCè÷£è ióñ£ºQõ˜, â™L², 裙´ªõ™, T.». «ð£Š, F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£˜, ß.â¡. îEè£êô ºîLò£˜, Þó£ü«è£ð£™ ó£š ºîL«ò£K¡ ºòŸCèœ Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷ù. ÞõŸÁœ F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ÝŒ¾èœ îQˆî èõùˆFŸ° àKò¬õò£°‹.

      Þ‹ºòŸCèÀœ Cô ÝŒ¾‚ °PŠ¹èœ â¡Â‹ G¬ôJ™ ܬñõù. ÞõŸÁœ Cô ªêŒF G¬ôJ™ ÜPòŠð´õùõ£Œ ñ†´«ñ àœ÷ù. 𣘬õ‚°‚ A†ì£î G¬ôJ«ô«ò àœ÷ù. Þ‹ºòŸCèœ Ü¬ùˆ¶«ñ ݃AôˆF™ ܬñ‰¶œ÷ù.

      ªî£ì‚èè£ô ò£Šð£Œ¾ ºòŸCèœ H¡õ¼‹ ÃÁè¬÷ ¬ñòñ£è‚ ªè£‡´ «î£¡P»œ÷ù.

1.    F¼‚°øœ, ï£ô®ò£˜, F¼õ£êè‹ ÝAò Þô‚AòƒèO¡ ò£Šð¬ñŠH¬ù Ý󣌉¶ M÷‚°î™.

2.   «îõ£ó‹, ï£ô£Jó‹ ºîLò ðˆF Þô‚Aò ò£ŠHò¬ô Ý󣌉¶ M÷‚°î™.

3.   êƒè Þô‚AòƒèÀœ å¡ø£ù èLˆªî£¬èJ¡ ò£ŠHò¬ô»‹ 裊HòƒèÀœ î¬ôCø‰îî£è M÷ƒ°‹ è‹ðó£ñ£òíˆF¡ ò£ŠHò¬ô»‹ ñùƒªè£‡´ Ýó£Œî™.

4.   ªõ‡ð£ ò£ŠH¡ îQˆî¡¬ñJ¬ù M«ï£‚A M÷‚°î™.

5.   M¼ˆî ò£ŠH¡ îQˆî¡¬ñJ¬ù M«ï£‚A M÷‚°î™.

6.   îI›,- ªî½ƒ°, è¡ùì‹ ÝAò Fó£Mìªñ£N ò£ŠHò¬ô åŠH†´ «ï£‚A Ýó£Œî™.

7.   îI› - - õìªñ£N ò£ŠHò¬ô åŠH†´ «ï£‚°î™.

8.   îI› ò£ŠHò«ô£´ ä«ó£ŠHò ò£ŠHò™ ºîLòõŸP¡ Cô ò£Š¹‚ ÃÁè¬÷ ެ툶 «ï£‚A‚ 輈¶¬óˆî™.

ºî¡¬ñò£ù ò£Šð£Œ¾‚ è÷ƒèO™ ÜKò ÝŒ¾è¬÷ ݃AôˆF™ A ªõOŠð†ì ªî£ì‚èè£ôˆ îI› ò£ŠHò™ ÝŒ¾ ºòŸCèœ îI› ò£Šð£Œ¾ õóô£ŸP™ °PŠHìˆî‚èùõ£è¾‹ îQˆî¡¬ñ ªè£‡ìùõ£è¾‹ ¸†ðñ£ù 輈¶è¬÷ ªõOŠð´ˆ¶õùõ£è¾‹ ܬñ‰¶œ÷¬ñ °PŠHìˆî‚è¶.

꣡ªø‡ M÷‚è‹

1.     «ê£.ï. è‰îê£I, îI› ò£ŠHòL¡ «î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹, ºîŸð£è‹ - ºîŸð°F, 1989, ð‚. 10, 11

2.    «ñô¶, ð. 11

3.    ¶¬ó. ð†ì£Hó£ñ¡, Þô‚èí ÝŒõìƒè™, ªî£°F –- 2, ªð£¼œ- – ----ò£Š¹ -–ÜE, 1999, ð‚. 1- – 127

4.    Ü¡Qî£ñ², ò£ŠHò™, 1998, ð. 189

5.    Kamil  V.  Zvelebil, Classical Tamil Prosody: An Introduction, 1989, p. 5

6.    î£ñv ®ó¾†ñ¡, Fó£Mì„ ê£¡Á, 2007, ð. 140

7.    Ý. Þó£. «õƒèì£êôðF, Ôâ™hê¡ â¡ªø£¼ ÜPë¡Õ, Fó£Mì„ ê£¡Á, ð. 16

8.    RT. REV. ROBERT CALDWELL, A COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF THE DRAVIDIAN OR SOUTH – INDIAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES, ‘ANTIQUITY OF DRAVIDIAN LITERATURE, Original Second Edition 1875, First Renewed Print: 2008,  Pp. 156- 157.

It is deserving of notice that alliteration is of the essence of Dravidian poetry, as of the more modern welsh; and that the Dravidians have as just a claim as the Welsh to the credit of  the invention of rhyme. The rhyme of modern European poetry is supposed by some to have had a Welsh or Celtic origin; but Dravidian rhyme was invented by Dravidians. The chief peculiarity of Dravidian rhyme consists in its seat being, not at the end of the line, but at the beginning – a natural result of its origin in a love of alliteration. The rule in each Dravidian dialect is that the consonant which intervenes between the first two vowels in a line is the seat of rhyme. A single Tamil illustration must suffice:-

                        “sirei(t)tedil

                                                Erei(t)tedu” – AUVEIYAR.

9.    A. Chidambaranatha Chettiar, Advanced Studies  in Tamil Prosody, 1943, pp. 62, 49

10.   Ü.Cî‹ðóï£îù£˜, îI› ò£ŠHò™ àò󣌾 (ªñ£Nªðò˜Š¹: Þó£ñ. °¼ï£î¡), 2009, ð. 109.

11.    ªî.ªð£. eù£†C ²‰îóù£˜, Hø‰î¶ âŠð®«ò£, 1952, ð. 116, 117.

12.   The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika,  Vol. XI, May, 1911. No. 11, p. 526,527.

13.   C. Brito, ‘THE KALITTOKAI – I,  II’, The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika,  Vol. III, May, 1900, No. 12. Pp. 251-254.

‘KAMPANALOGY – I, II, III’, The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika, Vol. III, March & April, 1900, No. 10 & 11, Pp. 220-222,

‘KAMPANALOGY – IV, V, VI, VII, VIII’, The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika, Vol. IV, July, 1900, No. 2, Pp. 37-39.

‘THE LETTER ç’ , The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika, Vol. IV, September , 1900, No. 4. Pp. 90, 91.

14.   ‘AGAMIC BUREAU NOTES’, The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika, Vol. XIV September, 1913, No. 3, Pp. 139, 140.

15.   CONSTANTIUS JOSEPH BESCHI, A GRAMMAR OF THE HIGH DIALECT OF THE TAMIL LANGUAGE CALLED ªê‰îI› (Translated From the Original Latin By  Benjamin Guy Babington, 1730, II Ed. 1998, P.121.

16.   G.U. Pope, The ‘Sacred’ Kurral of Tiruvalluva-Nayanar, 1886, P. XXVI

17.   ‘F.B.J. Kuiper, The Venpa metre in the Tirukural‚, F¼õœÀõ˜ F¼ï£œ Mö£ ñô˜, 1968, ð. 108

18.   G.U. Pope, The ‘Sacred’ Kurral of Tiruvalluva-Nayanar, 1886, P. XXVIII

19.   G.U. Pope, THE NALADIYAR OR FOUR HUNDRED QUATRAINS IN TAMIL, 1893, Pp. XXVI, XXVIII- XXXV

20.  T. Virabadra Mudaliar, OBSOLETE SYLLABLES «ï˜¹ AND G¬ó¹ IN MODERN VENBAS, Vol – II, No. 6, Nov.1898, Pp. 129 – 130.

21.   CONSTANTIUS JOSEPH BESCHI, A GRAMMAR OF THE HIGH DIALECT OF THE TAMIL LANGUAGE CALLED ªê‰îI› (Translated From the Original Latin By  Benjamin Guy Babington, 1730, II Ed. 1998, P.121, Pp.140-150.

22.  G.U. Pope, THE TIRUVACAGAM, 1900, Pp. XC-XCii

23.  E.N. Tanikachala Mudaliyar, ‘The Evolution of Tamil Viruthams’, The Light of Truth or Siddhanta Deepika, Vol. XIV August, 1913, No. 2, Pp. 56-63, Vol. XIV September, 1913, No. 3, Pp. 108-118, Vol. XIV April, 1914, No. 4, Pp. 148-169

HŸ«ê˜‚¬è - 1

F. ióðˆFó ºîLò£K¡ ò£Šð£Œ¾‚ 膴¬ó ܬì¾

·         THE AGE OF TIRUMANGAI ALWAR , Vol – I, No. 6, Nov.1897, Pp. 136 – 140.

·         THE AGE OF SAMBABDHA AND THIRUMANGAI – Their Metres Compared, Vol – I, No. 9, Feb.1898, Pp. 212 – 214 (º¡ùî¡ ªî£ì˜„C)

·         LORD SAMBANDHA AND AN UNKNOWN TAMILIAN PROSODY , Vol – II, No. 5, Oct.1898, Pp. 114 – 117(º¡ùî¡ ªî£ì˜„C â‹ °PŠH™¬ô âQ‹ º¡ùî¡ ªð£¼O™ ܬñ‰î«î)

·         LORD SAMBANDHA AND AN UNKNOWN DRAVIDIAN PROSODY , Vol – II, No. 8, Jan.1899, Pp. 184– 187(º¡è†´¬óJ¡ ªî£ì˜„C â¡Â‹ °PŠ¹ àœ÷¶)

·         LORD SAMBANDHA AND AN UNKNOWN DRAVIDIAN PROSODY , Vol – III, No. 6, Nov.1899, Pp. 122– 125 (º¡ùî¡ ªî£ì˜„C â‹ °PŠH™¬ô âQ‹ º¡ùî¡ ªð£¼O™ ܬñ‰î«î)

·         LORD SAMBANDHA AND  A  DRAVIDIAN PROSODY , Vol – III, No. 10&11, Mar&Apr. 1900, Pp. 223 – 225 (º¡è†´¬óJ¡ ªî£ì˜„C â¡Â‹ °PŠ¹ àœ÷¶)

·         THE TELUGU RULE IN SUPPORT OF SAMBANDHA , Vol – IV, No. 8, Jan.1901, Pp. 181 – 184 (º¡ùî¡ ªî£ì˜„C â‹ °PŠH™¬ô âQ‹ º¡ùî¡ ªð£¼O™ ܬñ‰î«î.) (ªî£ì¼‹ â¡Â‹ °PŠ¹ àœ÷¶.)

·         INSTANCES OF TELUGU SANDHI IN ANCIENT TAMIL , Vol – V, No. 6 &7, Nov &Dec.1901, Pp. 97 – 101

·         TELUGU AND ANCIENT TAMIL , Vol – VI, No. 1, June.1902, Pp. 6 – 11 (º¡è†´¬óJ¡ ªî£ì˜„C â¡Â‹ °PŠ¹ àœ÷¶)

·         THE MADRAS UNIVERSITY AND THE SANSKRIT ALPHABET, Vol – I, No. 12, May.1898, Pp. 285 - 287.

·         OBSOLETE SYLLABLES «ï˜¹ AND G¬ó¹ IN MODERN VENBAS, Vol – II, No. 6, Nov.1898, Pp. 129 – 130.

·         THE KALITTOKAI METRES, Vol – II, No. 6, Nov.1898, Pp. 130– 131.

·         KALITTOKAI, Vol – III, No. 8,  Jan.1900, Pp. 186 – 188.

·         IS THERE DOUBLE  Ü÷ªð¬ì IN TAMIL, Vol – VII, No. 1, Apr.1906, Pp. 34 – 38.      

·         CAMEOS FROM TAMIL LITERATURE (KALITOGAI ), Vol – VII, No. 3, June.1906, Pp. 100 – 103.

·         INSTANCES IN TAMIL OF A RULE OF TELUGU GRAMMAR AND A     MISREADIND IN THE CURRENT

·         TAMIL MATRICULATION TEXT, Vol – VIII, No. 4, July.1907, Pp. 117 – 122.